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FIND25.TXT
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1986-03-13
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HOMEWORK: QUANTITY
RESEARCH FINDING:
Student achievement rises significantly when teachers regularly
assign homework and students conscientiously do it.
COMMENT:
Extra studying helps children at all levels of ability. One
research study reveals that when low-ability students do just 1
to 3 hours of homework a week, their grades are usually as high
as those of average-ability students who do not do homework.
Similarly, when average-ability students do 3 to 5 hours of
homework a week, their grades usually equal those of high-ability
students who do no homework.
Homework boosts achievement because the total time spent studying
influences how much is learned. Low-achieving high school stu-
dents study less than high achievers and do less homework. Time
is not the only ingredient of learning, but without it little
can be achieved.
Teachers, parents, and students determine how much, how useful,
and how good the homework is. On average, American teachers say
they assign about 10 hours of homework each week--about 2 hours
per school day. But high school seniors report they spend only 4
to 5 hours a week doing homework, and 10 percent say they do none
at all or have none assigned. In contrast, students in Japan
spend about twice as much time studying outside school as Ameri-
can students.
Coleman, J. S., Hoffer, T., and Kilgore, S. (l982). High School
Achievement: Public, Catholic and Private Schools Compared. New
York: Basic Books.
Keith, T. Z. (April l982). "Time Spent on Homework and High
School Grades: A Large-Sample Path Analysis." Journal of Educa-
tional Psychology, Vol. 74, No. 2, pp. 248-253.
National Center for Education Statistics. (April l983). School
District Survey of Academic Requirements and Achievement. Wash-
ington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, Fast Response Survey
Systems. ERIC Document No. ED 238097.
Rohlen, T. P. (l983). Japan's High Schools. Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press.
Walberg, H. J. (l984). "Improving the Productivity of America's
Schools." Educational Leadership, Vol. 4l, No. 8, pp. l9-36.